MODELING A HUMAN SECURITY SYSTEM FOR THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

Original article

Download article  

Valeriy N. Konyshev1, Maria L. Lagutina2, Alexander A. Sergunin3, 4, Nikolai G. Bobylev5

1, 2, 3, 5St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

4Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

1ORCID 0000-0002-7257-6848

2ORCID 0000-0001-6240-7488

3sergunin60@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-4683-0611

5ORCID 0000-0002-1977-8141

Abstract. The research objective of this article is to develop an optimal model for a human security system in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). This topic has gained particular relevance as the focus of Arctic exploration has shifted  to include human interests, needs, concerns, and threats to human security. Despite this shift, the concept of human security has not yet been incorporated into the strategic documents of the Russian Federation that outline development priorities for the AZRF, nor into practical policies at the federal, regional, or municipal levels. This study employs qualitative methods  of systems modeling and elements of quantitative analysis to create a human security index for the AZRF. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the existing human security system in the AZRF, identifying the key elements of the management mechanism, their interrelationships, and the challenges in the mechanism’s functioning. Based on this analysis, specific recommendations are proposed to optimize the structure of public administration in this area and to improve  the effectiveness of interactions between government structures, businesses, and civil society organizations (including indigenous peoples’ organizations) operating in the AZRF. Additionally, the study develops a set of specific indicators describing various aspects of the human security system in the region. In accordance with UN recommendations, these indicators are classified into seven groups, covering economic, food, health, environmental, personal, cultural, linguistic, and political aspects of human security. Using these indicators, the study proposes to create a human security index for  the Russian Arctic. This index will enable the monitoring of human security trends in the AZRF and inform adjustments  to government policy in this area.

Keywords: human security, Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, systems approach, public policy, management model

Acknowledgments: this study was funded by St. Petersburg State University under Project No. 116233367.

For citation: Konyshev V. N., Lagutina M. L., Sergunin A. A., Bobylev N. G. Modeling a human security system for the Russian Arctic. Sever i rynok: formirovanie ekonomicheskogo poryadka [The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order], 2024, no. 2, pp. 20–34. doi:10.37614/2220-802X.2.2024.84.002.

References

  1. Konyshev V. N. Bezopasnost’ lichnosti — novy povorot v ponimanii politiki bezopasnosti [Security of person as a new turn in understanding the security policy]. Natzional’nye Interesy: Prioritety i Bezopasnost’ [National Interests: Priorities and Security], 2014, 40, pp. 43–56. (In Russ.).
  2. Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations / Ed. by Chandler, N. Hynek. New York, London, Routledge, 2010, 217 p.
  3. King G., Murray C. Rethinking human security. Political Science Quarterly, 2001–2002, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 585–610.
  4. Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic. Local and Indigenous Communities / Ed. by K. Hossain, Martin. Leiden; Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2018, 407 p.
  5. Szpak A. Human security of the Sámi in the new Sámi Arctic Strategy. European Security, 2020, vol. 29, no. 2, 212–234. DOI: 10.1080/09662839.2020.1758071.
  6. Konyshev V. N., Lagutina M. L. Bezopasnost’ cheloveka v Arktike: ugrozy skvoz’ prizmu “severnogo mentaliteta” [Human security in Arctic: Threats through the prism of the “Northern mentality”]. Arktika i Sever [The Arctic and the North], 2021, no. 45, pp. 85–112. DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2021.45.85. (In Russ.).
  7. Sergunin A., Lagutina M., Konyshev V. Human Security in the Arctic // The Handbook of the Arctic. A Broad and Comprehensive Overview. Ed. by Egor V. Pak, Artem I. Krivtsov, Natalia S. Zagrebelnaya. Cham, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 847–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9250-5_45-1.
  8. Sergunin A. The Interplay of the Human Security and Sustainable Development Concepts: The Case of Russia’s Arctic Industrial Centers. Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic. Local and Indigenous Communities / by K. Hossain, J. Martin. Leiden; Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2018, pp. 50–75.
  9. Selin V. S., Ul’chenko M. V. Natsional’nye interesy i ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost’ v rossiyskoi Arktike [National interests and economic security in the Russian Arctic]. Natzional’nye Interesy: Prioritety i Bezopasnost’ [National Interests: Priorities and Security], 2012, vol. 8, no. 31 (172), pp. 2–10. (In Russ.).
  10. Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost’ rossiyskoi Arktiki: osobennosti i problemy obespecheniya [The Russian Arctic’s economic security: Peculiarities and challenges]. Ed. by V. S. Selin, T. P. Skufina, E. P. Bashmakova, M. V. Ul’chenko. Apatity, Kola Science Center RAS Press, 2018, 103 p. (In Russ.).
  11. Masloboev A. V., Masloboev V. A. Perspektivy razrabotki Natsional’nogo standarta kak sostavlyaushei sistemy obespecheniya ekologicheskoi bezopasnosti Arkticheskoi zony Rossii [Outlook for the development of a national standard as a component of the system for ensuring the environmental safety of Russian Arctic Zone]. Vestnik Universiteta prokuratury Rossiyskoi Federatsii [Bulletin of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation], 2022, no. (89), pp. 91–95. (In Russ.).
  12. Maretskaya A. Y. Razrabotka kontseptual’noi skhemy monitoringa regional’noi prodovol’stvennoi bezopasnosti [Developing a conceptual scheme for regional food security monitoring]. Natzional’nye Interesy: Prioritety i Bezopasnost’ [National Interests: Priorities and Security], 2017, vol. 13, no. 1 (346), pp. 130–138. (In Russ.).
  13. Degterev D., Istomin I. Sistemnoe modelirovanie mezdunarodnykh otnosheniy [System modeling of international relations]. Mirovaya Ekonomoka i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 2015, no. 11, pp. 17–30. (In Russ.).
  14. Borishpolets K. P.Metody politicheskikh issledovaniy [Political science methods]. Moscow, Aspect Press, 2005, 221 p. (In Russ.).
  15. Panova E. Proizvodstvo oleniny pomozhet Yamalu obespechit’ prodovol’stvennuyu bezopasnost’ [Venison production will allow the Yamal to ensure its food security]. Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2022, 10 March. (In Russ.). Available at: https://rg.ru/2022/03/10/reg-urfo/proizvodstvo-oleniny-pomozhet-iamalu-obespechit-prodovolstven nuiu-bezopasnost.html (accessed 10.03.2024).
  16. Yakovleva T. Y., Dyachenko N. V., Kostsov V. V. et al. Vozdeistvie radiatsionnogo zagryazneniya na ekologiyu Evropeiskoi chasti Arktiki [Impact of radiation pollution on the ecology of the European Arctic]. Sovremennye problemy gidrometeorologii i monitoringa okruzhayushei sredy na postsovetskom prostranstve [Modern problems of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring in the post-Soviet space]. Saint Petersburg, Gosgidromet, 2020, pp. 570–572. (In Russ.).
  17. Bobylev N. G., Gadal S., Konovalova M. O., Sergunin A. A., Tronin A. A., Tynkkynen V.-P. Ranzhirovanie regionov Arkticheskoi zony Rossiyskoi Federatsii po indeksu ekologicheskoi bezopasnosti [Regional ranking of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation on the basis of the environmental security index]. Sever i Rynok: Formirovanie Ekonomicheskogo Poryadka [The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order], 2020, no. 3 (69), pp. 17–39. DOI: 10.37614/2220-802X.2.2020.69.002. (In Russ.).
  18. Sergunin A. A. K voprosu ob indikatorakh korporativnoi sotsial’noi i ekologicheskoi otvetstvennosti v Arkticheskoi Zone Rossiyskoi Federatsii [On the corporate social and environmental responsibility indicators in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation]. Sotsial’naya rabota i sotsial’naya politika v usloviyakh menyausheisya arkhitektury sotsial’nogo gosudarstva: materialy Vserossiyskoi konferentsii, 6–7 aprelya 2021 goda, Yekaterinburg [Social work and social policy in the context of the changing architecture of the welfare state: Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference, 2021, 6–7 April, Yekaterinburg]. Yekaterinburg, The Ural Federal University Press, 2021, pp. 275–287. (In Russ.).
  19. Sergunin A. A. Gendernaya problematika v rabote Arkticheskogo soveta [The main gender problems in the Arctic Council’s work]. Arktika: Vektory Gumanitarnogo Razvitiya. Tezisy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii [The Arctic: Progress in humanities. Proceedings of the international conference]. Ed. by S. G. Vanyashin and E. V. Vorobyev. Moscow, Moscow State Linguistic University Press, 2022, pp. 83–84. (In Russ.).
  20. Figueira J., Greco S., Ehrgott M. (Eds.). Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: The State of the Art Surveys. New York, Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 2005. 1045 p.
  21. Nijkamp P., Ubbels B. J., Verhoef E. T. Transport Investment Appraisal and the Environment. Handbook of Transport Strategy, Policy and Institutions / Ed. by D. A. Hensher and K. J. Button. Amsterdam/New York, Elsevier, 2005, 333–355.
  22. Noghin V. D. What is the relative importance of criteria and how to use it in MCDM. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 2001, vol. 507, pp. 59–68.
  23. Roy B. Multiple Criteria Methodology for Decision Auditing. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, 1996, 293 p.
  24. Getzner M., Spash C. L., Stagl S. Alternatives for environmental valuation. Abingdon, Routledge, 2005, 314 p.
  25. Saaty T. Theory and Applications of the Analytic Network Process: Decision Making with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs, and Risks. Pittsburgh, RWS Publications, 2005, 352 p.
  26. The SuperDecisions website. Available at: www.superdecisions.com